Huawei Huang, Jiajing Wu, Zibin Zheng, (2023) “From Blockchain to Web3 & Metaverse,” Springer, Sep. 06, 2023, ISBN 978-981-99-3647-2.
Wuhui Chen, Zibin Zheng, Huawei Huang, (2023) “Blockchain Scalability,” Springer, June 2023, ISBN 978-981-99-1058-8.
From Blockchain to Web3 & Metaverse
—— 作者: Huawei Huang, Jiajing Wu, Zibin Zheng
—— 本书简介
Web3 has attracted considerable attention due to its uniquely decentralized characteristics. The digital economy, currently undergoing a rapid development, is a critical driver to highly efficient societies. It is imperative that we investigate how to use Web3 technologies to address the critical concerns encountered during the development of the digital economy by fully exploring Web3. On the other hand, metaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows avatars to engage in a broad range of activities including entertainment, social networking, and trading.
In this book, we dive into metaverse by discussing how blockchains connect various Metaverse components, digital currencies, and blockchain-empowered applications in the virtual world. In this book, we also share insights into the Web3-based ecosystem in Metaverse; topics of interest include decentralized finance, digital assets, the asset-trading market, etc.
Unlike other books on the subject, this book mainly concentrates on insights and discussions regarding blockchain, metaverse and Web3. In other words, it focuses on using blockchain technologies to enable an ecosystem for both metaverse and Web3. Topics addressed include blockchain fundamentals, smart contracts, value circulation in metaverse, the connection between metaverse and Web3, the establishment of metaverse on the basis of blockchain technologies, decentralized autonomous organization, decentralized storage, digital economy, Web3-based economic systems for metaverse, etc.
This book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, engineers, and policymakers working in various areas related to blockchain, metaverse and Web3. We hope that it will also inspire readers from academia and industry alike, and ultimately help them create a truly open, fair, and rational ecosystem for metaverse and Web3.
Blockchain Scalability
—— 作者: Wuhui Chen, Zibin Zheng, Huawei Huang
—— 本书简介
This book focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of blockchain scalability serving large-scale application scenarios, from the “what, why, how” three perspectives, layer by layer. Gathering the latest state-of-the-art research advances in the key issues and technologies for blockchain scalability, it also presents some special and exciting insights on the existing and future blockchain scalability.
Given the merits of blockchains such as decentralization, immutability, non-repudiation, and traceability, the current blockchain has faced a serious scalability bottleneck. The scalability bottleneck problem is mainly manifested in two aspects: low-performance efficiency and difficulty in functional extension. First, the security and reliability of the blockchain system come from the fact that most nodes of the whole network participate in a distributed consensus to maintain the ledger. The high-cost consensus mechanism makes limited performance of blockchain, and there is a big gap between the actual large-scale application system. In addition, to ensure the security of a single blockchain system, data between different blockchain systems are relatively isolated, making it difficult for assets and data to interact.
This book explores the scalability of blockchain in depth, proposes meaningful approaches to the problems mentioned above, and builds an original theoretical system of blockchain scalability. It describes the root of blockchain scalability problems, mainstream blockchain performance, the classification of existing scalability problem solutions, and some exciting sharding-based approaches. It also includes open issues and future directions to scale blockchain for complex practical application scenarios. As such, this book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers, engineers, and policymakers working in various areas related to blockchain scalability, which is also of great significance for understanding and solving the bottleneck of blockchain scalability and realizing the practical large-scale commercial application of blockchain.
[1] Nakamoto S, Bitcoin A. A peer-to-peer electronic cash system[J]. Bitcoin.–URL: https://bitcoin. org/bitcoin. pdf, 2008, 4(2).
[2] Garay J, Kiayias A, Leonardos N. The bitcoin backbone protocol: Analysis and applications[C]//Advances in Cryptology-EUROCRYPT 2015: 34th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 26-30, 2015, Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015: 281-310.
[3] Eyal I, Sirer E G. Majority is not enough: Bitcoin mining is vulnerable[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2018, 61(7): 95-102.
[4] Nayak K, Kumar S, Miller A, et al. Stubborn mining: Generalizing selfish mining and combining with an eclipse attack[C]//2016 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P). IEEE, 2016: 305-320.
Huawei Huang, Yetong Zhao, Zibin Zheng*, “tMPT: Reconfiguration across Blockchain Shards via Trimmed Merkle Patricia Trie”, IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS), June 2023.
[1] Luu L, Narayanan V, Zheng C, et al. A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains[C]//Proc.of ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS’16). ACM,2016:17-30.
[2] Zamani M, Movahedi M, Raykova M. Rapidchain: Scaling blockchain via full sharding[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security. 2018: 931-948.
[3] Kokoris-Kogias E, Jovanovic P, Gasser L, et al. Omniledger: A secure, scale-out, decentralized ledger via sharding[C]//2018 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2018: 583-598.
[4] Wang J, Wang H. Monoxide: Scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones[C]// Proc. of 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’19). 2019:95-112.
[5] Kim J Y, Lee J, Koo Y, et al. Ethanos: efficient bootstrapping for full nodes on account-based blockchain[C]//Proceedings of the Sixteenth European Conference on Computer Systems. 2021: 99-113.
[4] Zheng Z, Xie S, Dai H N, et al. Blockchain challenges
and opportunities: A survey[J]. International Journal of Web and Grid Services,
2018, 14(4):352-375
[7] Pervez H, Muneeb M, Irfan M U, et al. A comparative
analysis of dag-based blockchain architectures[C]//2018 12th International
conference on open source systems and technologies(ICOSST). IEEE, 2018:27-34
[8] Dziembowski S, Faust S, Hostáková K. General state
channel networks[C]//Proceedings of the2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer
and Communications Security (CCS’18). ACM,2018:949-966
[9] Luu L, Narayanan V, Zheng C, et al. A secure sharding
protocol for open blockchains[C]//Proc.of ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and
Communications Security (CCS’16). ACM,2016:17-30
[10] Li H, Li C, Li H, et al. An overview on practice of
fisco bcos technology and application[J].Information and Communications
Technology and Policy, 2020, 46(1):52-60
[13] J. Wang and H. Wang, “Monoxide: Scale-out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones,” in Proc. of 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’19). Boston, MA: USENIX Association, Feb. 2019, pp. 95–112
接下来,咱们粗略地概括一下 Web3 与 区块链、还有 DAO 之间的关系。继续借用刚才文章中的观点:“区块链是一种技术,DAO是一种制度,Web3则是一种文化”。
大家已经很熟悉区块链了,我们不再赘述。我们看一下什么是 DAO。DAO的字面意思是“去中心化 自主治理的 组织”,它是一种去中心化组织形态,当然也可以通俗地理解为“去中心化的公司”,是建立在区块链基础之上的 一个自治系统。其实 DAO 不一定必需区块链技术才能建立。具有相同理念和共识的一帮人即可形成一个DAO。而且人们未必需要区块链才能形成共识。比如,文章举了一个例子:在互联网世界,当人们强烈认同一个视频或者文章时,即使不断被中心化机构删除,人们可以通过自发存储和不停地转载,将其尽力保留在网络上。这样的自发行为其实就是 DAO 的思想和 Web3 文化的一种体现。进一步来讲,如果借助区块链的技术,这些人们产生的共识,会更加容易地被记录、被分享,从而更好地践行 DAO 与 Web3 的理念与文化。
目前,Web3 与 DAO 已经被应用到了 互联网、金融、艺术 等等具有代表性的 为数不多的几个行业,但是这场变局已经悄悄铺开了10年时间。不用焦虑,因为社会大众对 DAO 的认识 还有 Web3 文化的了解, 远远尚未成熟。因此,这个赛道未来是一片蓝海。
然后,我再稍微提一下一年前发表在 IEEE OJ-CS 期刊上关于 DAO 的综述论文。我们论文题目是 “From Technology to Society: An Overview of Blockchain-Based DAO”,翻译过来就是“从技术到社会:对基于区块链技术的 DAO 的概览”,于2021年4月13日正式发表在 IEEE 计算机协会旗下的一个新刊 IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society (OJ-CS)。
这篇论文主要梳理与讨论了 基于区块链技术的 DAO 的概念术语、发展历史、当前最新的研究与应用,以及对未来发展的一些展望。我在 google scholar 上看了一下我们这篇综述论文的引用情况,目前已经有4个引用,其中一个引用是来自荷兰乌得勒支大学的硕士毕业论文,作者在文中提到我们这篇论文介绍了三个比较流行的 DAO 项目: Aragon,Colony,与 DAOStack。看到我们的论文为他人带来启发,我还是很欣慰的,这也是作为一名从事学术研究的 researcher 最开心的事情了。话题有点扯远了。感兴趣的朋友们,欢迎阅读我们这篇论文,有任何问题欢迎给我留言或者发邮件给我。
最后提一下,我已经跟我的一个学生讨论了近期要做一个关于 DAO 的详细调研,后续我会陆续分享给大家,期待您的关注。